Titlebook: Borrelia burgdorferi; Methods and Protocol Leona Gilbert Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license

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Adaptive Immune Response Investigation in Lyme Borreliosis,ith positive or ambiguous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results being confirmed by immunoblot. This method of measuring the humoral immunity in human fluids (e.g., by ELISA) has provided robust and reproducible results for decades and similar assays have been validated for monitoring of

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Preparation of ,Infected Mammalian Cells for Helium Ion Microscopy,ection or entry into cells by a pathogen often involve attachment to the cell surface and plasma membrane changes. To topologically investigate with great resolution and detail these interactions of the pathogen and the mammalian cell, helium ion microscopy (HIM) can be employed. Here we describe a

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Establishing a Zebrafish Model for , Infection Using Immersion and Microinjection Methods,evelop an affordable, practical, high-throughput in vivo model which can be used to find effective antibiotic therapies, especially for the recently discovered persister and biofilm forms. Here, we describe the immersion and microinjection methods to introduce . spirochetes into zebrafish larvae. Th

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