Titlebook: Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Biotherapeutics; Henry Liu,Alan D. Kaye,Jonathan S. Jahr Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Auth

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The Global Burden of Anemiaed aerobic capacity, organ dysfunction, and mortality. Additionally, anemia is the leading risk factor for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion, which further contributes to patient morbidity. Despite being remarkably common, preventable, and readily treatable, anemia is often neglected by clinicia

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Classifications of Blood Substitutesficial or cultured erythrocytes. Erythrocyte substitutes can also be classified based on the source of hemoglobin, existence of cell membrane, and organic or inorganic oxygen carriers. Almost a century’s pursuit yielded only few products with limited clinical use in limited regions frustrated many b

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Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Brief History, Pharmacology and Design Strategies, Review of the Mditionally, when restoration of circulating blood volume is achieved, maintenance of adequate blood pressure to ensure enough blood flow to deliver the oxygen to the microcirculation and resolving oxygen debt..This chapter will review the history of HBOCs, discuss how HBOCs have been designed and ho

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