Titlebook: Bird Species; How They Arise, Modi Dieter Thomas Tietze Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2018 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 Avian Specia

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Kapitel: Die staatliche Verwaltungo handle. From a scientific point of view, it is not easily answerable what a species is, since speciation and extinction are ongoing evolutionary processes and differentiation among species works on various traits. Contemporary systematics attempts to take into account as many criteria as possible

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Isomorphies?tze und Produkte von Gruppen species have shifted from theoretical questions (e.g., What is a species? Which species concept is best?) to empirical questions (How can we document species both efficiently and accurately?). A growing number of taxonomists agree that species can be discovered and documented in many different ways

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19218-1logical clocks also regulate diel activities, including song and other courtship behaviors which occur at certain times of day. Differences between individuals in the timing of display and breeding (i.e., allochrony) can drive genetic divergence, contribute to isolation between populations, and ulti

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02221-1the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Diversification rates in birds increased from c. 50 million years ago onward driven by significant rate increases in different clades scattered throughout the entire phylogeny. No slowdown in the overall diversification rate has been identified, and equilibrium div

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9455-7iches. The so-called species distribution models (SDMs) allow for niche quantifications in a way that permits comparisons among species and populations. This review will introduce the theoretical background of niche concepts and niche conservatism, followed by an outline of popular methods for model