Titlebook: Bipolar Disorder; An Evidence-Based Gu Kostas N. Fountoulakis Book 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Bipolar Disorders.Diagnosis.

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d schizoaffective disorder.Considers treatment options from .This book examines in detail the diagnostic approach to manic depressive (bipolar) illness, with special reference to the borderline zones with unipolar depression and schizoaffective disorder. Among other diagnostic issues considered are

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https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230598393ntal illness was attributed to magical forces, malevolent deities or demons, and ‘treatment’ was exercised by priests in the form of religious or magical rituals. Hippocrates (460–370 BC; Fig. 1.2), Galen (131–201 AD; Fig. 1.3) and Aretaeus of Cappadocia (Fig. 1.4) were the first to describe manic–depressive illness as mental illnesses.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22368-7ny patients with features of both disorders. These patients were so many that he characterized their frequency as ‘displeasing’. These cases have attracted the interest of researchers in the last few decades, but their diagnostic status is still uncertain.