Titlebook: Biotic Interactions in Arid Lands; John L. Cloudsley-Thompson Book 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Anpassung an Wüsten.Parasit

馬賽克

Discussion and Conclusions,general ecological principles that apply to all desert organisms, and thereby to extend the discussions on evolutionary parallels (Sect. 1.1) and ecological analogues (Sect. 1.2) with which the first chapter was largely concerned.

禍害隱伏

1430-9432 . This is re- stricted to scattered plants, occasional rocks, holes, and crevices in the ground. Furthermore, nightfall does not confer relative invisibility, a978-3-642-64637-9978-3-642-60977-0Series ISSN 1430-9432

索賠

補角

Predatory Techniques,g, the spider’s web, the sidewinder’s aggressive crypsis and venom, or the flight and stoop of the falcon. Successful predation involves at least five stages: detection of the prey as an object distinct from its background; identification, despite crypsis (Sect. 3.4), aposematism (Sect. 3.8), disgui

Crepitus

Noisome

Secondary Anti-Predator Devices,burrowing forms retreat as fast as they can into their shelters or retreats. This may not always be possible, however, and then self-defence with whatever weapons are available may become necessary. Some animals, such as tortoises or porcupines, are so well endowed with defences that they stand thei

譏諷

Parasitic and Allied Interactions,en regarded as having an impact on the populations of their hosts rather similar to those of predators on prey populations. Recent studies, however, indicate that the influence of parasites is more subtle than that of predators. They may kill their hosts or have only slight, almost undetectable effe

Lacunar-Stroke

Plants and Herbivorous Animals,hey vary both quantitatively and qualitatively among and within species. Many plants also show daily, seasonal and annual fluctuations in resistance, both within individuals, as well as in ontogenetic changes. Synchrony between the quality of plant food and peak feeding on it by herbivores is often

uveitis

Community Processes,e advantages of group living are many, and include earlier detection of predators (Sect. 7.1.3), but there may be a disadvantage in arid regions where food and other resources are especially scarce. Groups tend to confuse predators, dilute their effects on the population, and help individual animals

GOAD

Discussion and Conclusions,al life can be summed up in the conjunction of the French verb manger: Je mange, tu manges, il mange etc., or its terrible correlative, Je suis mangé, tu es mangé …. Field workers throughout the world, and especially in deserts — for reasons constantly alluded to in this book — will not doubt the va