Titlebook: Biophysical Characterization of Functional Peptides; Vibin Ramakrishnan Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under e

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Mass Spectrometry,peptides after synthesis and purification are characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This highly sensitive instrument employs a soft ionization technique to characterize the mass of peptides and proteins. This chapter outlines

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Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy,ctures can be broadly classified as α-helices, β-sheets, turns, and random coils. The patterns of hydrogen bonding between amide hydrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms constituting the peptide backbone of a protein are different in each case. The positions of CO and NH stretching and bending vibrations

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Penetration in 3D Tumorospheres,targeting, and penetration. They are in great demand in the pharmaceutical industry as they provide insights and indications during the pre-clinical evaluation phases. They mimic tumor architecture in terms of cellular organization, metabolite gradient, and cellular interactions. In our study, we ha

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Cell Death by Apoptosis,ajor pathways of apoptosis. They are executed with the help of different caspases. Caspase-3 is an executioner caspase that leads to irreversible cell death by apoptosis. This protocol uses a ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay to confirm cell apoptosis after drug t

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Hemolytic Activity,entrifugation and spectro-photometry is used to estimate the fraction of lysed RBCs in the prepared sample. A standard-curve is plotted with absorbance values, intended to estimate the amount of hemoglobin in the supernatant. The concentration of hemoglobin measured is then used to compare against t