Titlebook: Biopacemaking; J. A. E Spaan,Ruben Coronel,Antonio Zaza Book 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 Cardiac Signals.Electrocardiogram

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Biopacemaking978-3-540-72110-9Series ISSN 1864-5763 Series E-ISSN 1864-5771

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Embryological Development of Pacemaker Hierarchy and Membrane Currents Related to the Function of thortly before birth, these channels disappear from the ventricular myocytes. The response of the adult sinus node to changes in the interstitium, in particular to (neuro)transmitters, results from the interplay between the responses of all of its constituent cells. The response of the whole sinus no

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Creation of a Biological Pacemaker by Gene- or Cell-Based Approaches, a wide array of approaches but remain largely palliative. The progress in the understanding of the biology of the diseases with related biological tools beckons for new approaches to provide better alternatives to the present routine. Here, we review the current state of the art in gene and cell-ba

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Creating a Cardiac Pacemaker by Gene Therapy, it has limitations ranging from absent or rudimentary autonomic modulation to severe complications. This has prompted experimental studies to design and validate a biological pacemaker that could supplement or replace electronic pacemakers. Advances in cardiac gene therapy have resulted in a number

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Biological Pacemakers Based on If, we discuss the rational for and progress made using a hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide gated channel isoform to carry the .. pacemaker current in gene and cell therapy approaches. Both strategies have resulted in effective biological pacemaker function over a period of weeks in intact

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Gene Therapy to Create Biological Pacemakers,makers, which, however, leave room for improvement. During the past decade, different strategies to initiate pacemaker function by gene therapy were developed. In the search for a biological pacemaker, various approaches were explored, including . .-adrenergic receptor overexpression, down regulatio

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Propagation of Pacemaker Activity,as a primary means of modulating cardiac rate by sympathetic tone and circulating catecholamines. The mechanisms of how a small SAN region can electrically drive a much larger atrium, or how a small ectopic focus can drive surrounding ventricular or atrial tissue are complex, and involve the membran