Titlebook: Biological Evolution and Statistical Physics; Michael L?ssig,Angelo Valleriani Book 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Adaptation

Dappled

Schicht- und klassenspezifisches Verhalten,equently wish to investigate the evolution of traits across a range of species. This is known as a comparative study. Comparative studies require constructing a phylogeny of the species and then investigating the evolutionary transitions in the trait on that phylogeny. A difficulty with this approac

Cytology

做事過頭

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9ape is a mapping from a configuration space that is equipped with some notion of adjacency, nearness, distance or accessibility, into the real numbers. Landscape theory has emerged as an attempt to devise suitable mathematical structures for describing the “static” properties of landscapes as well a

易受騙

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9 case of strong selection, which is analogous to the zero temperature limit in the equivalent problem of directed polymers in random media. In this limit the population is always localized at a single temporary master sequence ., and we study the statistical properties of the evolutionary trajectory

悶熱

被告

Die Klassiker der Ungleichheitsforschung,investigate the solution of discrete optimization problems, most of combinatorial type, using a certain class of coupled differential equations. The problem is to find the minimum on a large set of real numbers (the potential) .., defined on the integer set . = 1...., where . is an extremely large n

不來

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9tionaccumulation hypothesis, though it does not necessarily contradict alternative explanations of ageing through oxygen radicals or specific longevity genes. It represents the genome by a bit-string such that bit = 0 means a healthy and bit = 1 a sick gene, acting on the body from that age on which

nutrition

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9amical pathways of speciation resulting from a coupling of space, competition and mating behaviour: (i) sympatric at small habitat heterogeneity, (ii) sympatric with subsequent spatial differentiation at intermediate heterogeneity, and (iii) allopatric under strong heterogeneity.

Arteriography

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9ations that describe the population dynamics of the species for any structure of the food web. The equations account for competition between species for the same resources, and for the diet choice of predators between alternative prey according to an evolutionarily stable strategy. The set of specie

適宜

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90819-9edator relationships and mutual competition, define the links of these networks. They also govern the dynamics of their population sizes. This dynamics acts as a selection mechanism, which can lead to the extinction of species. Adaptive changes of the interactions or the generation of new species in