Titlebook: Biological Control: Measures of Success; Geoff Gurr,Steve Wratten Book 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000 arthropods.insects.plant.plant

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揭穿真相

Classical Arthropod Biological Control: Measuring Success, Step By Step,; Huffaker and Messenger, 1976; Clausen 1978; Van Driesche and Bellows, 1996; Bellows and Fisher, 1999). Laws governing the conduct of classical biological control vary by country, or may not exist at all. An international code of conduct for the practice of natural enemy introductions has been deve

罐里有戒指

Success in Biological Control of Arthropods by Augmentation of Natural Enemies,ms worldwide. It is a popular biological control approach amongst professional and progressive farmers, and has been stimulated by the present international attitudes regarding reduction of pesticide use. Initially augmentative biological control was used to manage pests that had become resistant to

charisma

Success in Conservation Biological Control of Arthropods,everal important texts dealing with conservation biological control were published (Boatman, 1994; Barbosa, 1998; Pickett and Bugg, 1998). These suggest a growing level of international research. However, unlike classical biological control, where databases such as BIOCAT (Greathead and Greathead, 1

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Success in Biological Control of Terrestrial Molluscs,lems. Either they have been introduced into new regions where populations increase in the absence of natural controls, or the levels of crop damage that they inflict are not tolerated in their native region. As a consequence, much effort has been devoted to their management, and biological controls

pus840

Aerate

Success in Biological Control of Terrestrial Weeds by Arthropods,nturies. The first documented case was in the 1860s, when the cochineal insect . (Green) was introduced from India into Sri Lanka, where it successfully controlled prickly pear cactus, . Miller (Rao .., 1971). The next programme, which began in 1902 with the release of 14 control agents for . L., ha

aggravate

Success in Biological Control of Plant Pathogens and Nematodes by Microorganisms, general is increasing which has led to reassessment of the chemicals currently on the market, often resulting in their withdrawal (Dingham, 1993; Thomas, 1996). The rate of introduction of products with new active ingredients is slowing and resistance to new chemicals continues to develop in target

Substitution

Success in Biological Control of Above-ground Insects by Pathogens,age with the publication of Edward Steinhaus’ book ‘Principles of Insect Pathology’ (1949). Perhaps because this same period also gave birth to the ‘chemical era’ (Chapter 1), comparisons between the success of insect pathogens and the success of chemical insecticides have been inevitable. Viewed in

膠狀

Success in Biological Control of Weeds by Pathogens, Including Bioherbicides,researchers concentrated on native or naturalised fungi, spreading them to target weeds by various means. Results were generally unpredictable and varied with time and location. One fungus that did achieve success was the persimmon wilt fungus, . (Crandall) W. Gams, which though not a commercial pro