Titlebook: Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis; Thermonuclear Histor Masa-aki Hashimoto,Riou Nakamura,Kenzo Arai Book 2018 The Author(s), under exclusive license

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Theories Beyond the Standard Model,rd models, first we investigate a possibility that neutrinos or antineutrinos are degenerate. An excess density of neutrinos speeds up the expansion of the universe, leaving more neutrons at the onset of nucleosynthesis. In addition, degenerate electron-neutrinos shift less neutrons through .-equili

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Modified Brans-Dicke Theory,he Brans-Dicke theory modified with a variable . term which is a function of the scalar field. The fundamental equations are derived for the gravitational and scalar fields from the variational principle of the action. In the framework of the Robertson-Walker metric, we obtain the expression for the

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Infelicity

CODA

Raman-Brillouin-Rayleigh Diffusion,We provide some useful formulas explicitly to obtain the Einstein tensor as a convenience to readers. We also establish our notation in tensor calculus.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/b106780We describe the thermal history during the stage of annihilation of electron-positron pairs. Energies of the pairs are converted into photons. We obtain the expression for the photon temperature . which deviates from the usual law .?～?.. in the expanding universe.

Thyroid-Gland

https://doi.org/10.1007/b106780We describe a numerical method to calculate the evolution of the abundance of chemical elements. A set of differential equations are reduced to the full-implicit backward difference equations for a finite time interval. We can obtain a set of solutions without meeting numerical instability.

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,Polarized Light—Laws of Reflection,We summarize physical and astronomical constants in cgs units. We also provide the conversion of peculiar units in nuclear physics and astronomy used in this book.