Titlebook: Basics of Laser Physics; For Students of Scie Karl F. Renk Textbook 2017Latest edition Springer International Publishing AG 2017 Bloch lase

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Textbook 2017Latest editionf equations are presented in a way that a reader can immediately follow. The book addresses graduate and undergraduate students in science and engineering, featuring?problems with solutions and over 400 illustrations..

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Introduction? Which are the sizes and the costs of lasers? Why is it necessary to have different types of lasers in the same frequency range? We will also mention some specific lasers and we will discuss the concept of the book.

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Laser Principleadiation is generated by stimulated transitions in an active medium. The active medium is a gain medium—propagation of radiation in the active medium results in an increase of the energy density of the radiation. The active medium in a laser experiences feedback from radiation stored in a laser reso

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Basis of the Theory of the Laser: The Einstein Coefficientsd to emission or absorption of radiation of a frequency that fulfills Bohr’s energy-frequency relation. In an absorption process, a photon is absorbed. In an emission process, a photon is emitted. Einstein found that the emission of a photon is possible by two different processes, spontaneous and st

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1868-4513 s graduate and undergraduate students in science and engineering, featuring?problems with solutions and over 400 illustrations..978-3-319-84453-4978-3-319-50651-7Series ISSN 1868-4513 Series E-ISSN 1868-4521

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1435-4594 nklusive Beschulung aller Schülerinnen und Schüler stellt beide Disziplinen vor neue Herausforderungen. In diesem Band werden Perspektiven auf inklusive Bildung vorgestellt.?978-3-658-06954-4978-3-658-06955-1Series ISSN 1435-4594 Series E-ISSN 2627-5236

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,Multiple Criteria Fake Reviews Detection Based on Spammers’ Indicators Within the Belief Function Teals with uncertainty in the different inputs thanks to the belief function theory. Our method shows its performance in fake reviews detection while testing with two large real-world review data-sets from ..