Titlebook: Basic Radiotherapy Physics and Biology; David S. Chang,Foster D. Lasley,Joseph R. Dynlacht Book 2021Latest edition Springer Nature Switzer

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Characteristics of Photon Beamsct is known as filtration or beam hardening. Beam quality is a measure of a photon beam’s penetration and can be measured by thickness of a half-value layer in a specified metal, or by percentage depth dose in water.

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Advanced Treatment Planning for EBRTdulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques and evaluated using dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Additional imaging may be performed on the day of treatment to verify that the patient is properly positioned.

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Production and Properties of Radiationered the ability to deliver photons and electrons in the megavoltage energy range. More recently, electromagnets were developed to be powerful enough to accelerate heavier particles to extremely high energies in a cyclotron or a synchrotron for particle beam therapy.

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Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter will cause the production of an electron and a positron that can cause annihilation. Also at higher energies, photons may interact with the nucleus and cause it to release nucleons. Pair production and photonuclear disintegration are generally undesirable for the purposes of radiation therapy.

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Basic Concepts of Hierarchical Planningof other reactions. Unlike photons, particles have specific distances to travel (ranges and path lengths). The release of excessive energy produces a Bragg Peak when a heavy charged particle comes to the end of its path length. There are specific interactions for particles that define the radiation dose and distribution.