Titlebook: B Cells in Immunity and Tolerance; Ji-Yang Wang Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spri

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Memory B Cells in Local and Systemic Sites,mulation. Such non-canonical memory B-cell responses are frequently observed in local sites where live pathogens initially infect and replicate. Importantly, the local memory B-cell responses often serve as the first line of defense against re-infecting pathogens, thereby playing an essential role i

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Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in BCR Signaling as a Second Messenger,, which augments signaling through various receptors by oxidizing ROS-sensitive signaling molecules. Among ROS, H.O. is suggested to be an important second messenger because of its relative stability. H.O. is generated by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mediated conversion of superoxide produced by membr

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Memory B Cells in Local and Systemic Sites,ses comes from studies using mono-epitopic model antigens that elicit systemic humoral responses dominated by canonical B-cell antigen receptors. This approach successfully dissected the systemic responses of memory B cells and greatly advanced our understanding of memory B-cell formation, maintenan