Titlebook: A History of Banks; From the Knights Tem Mehmet Baha Karan,Wim Westerman,Jacob Wijngaard Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Au

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25947-1y did away with the Ottoman sultans—becoming a republic in the 1920s. Interestingly, politicians such as the well-equipped Minister Cavid Bey had a big say in the Bank’s hey days, but the Bank remained fairly independent throughout until a merger in 2001.

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John Law: The Lord of Paper Money (Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries), the French economy.Alas, the associated money creation ended in the Mississippi Company bubble around a state-led investment project in North America, in 1720, much akin to a comparable failed British project, the South Sea Company bubble.It made the bankers distrusted in France.

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The Rothschilds: The Global Financial Empire (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries),e money across borders to states and corporations in the Napoleonic period. The Rothschilds were e.g., forceful during the French-British Suez Canal Incident of 1852, but failed to become strong in the United States of America.

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Falko Bause,Heinz Beilner,Jan Kriegeations grew. Fascinating is the position taken by Cosimo de’ Medici (1389–1464). He was a strategist, networker and administrator. He grew and reorganised the Bank. Being briefly expelled, he could eliminate his enemies in the home base Florence. However, the Medici’s policies waned later.

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Andreas Reinholz,Holger Schneiderlarge securities exchange, the stable Amsterdam financial market became exemplary and a multi-faced cooperation model served the Dutch expansion into the world. While still existing, the Bank’s financial innovation role was quietly taken over by private banks.