Titlebook: Autopoietic Knowledge Systems in Project-Based Companies; Kaj U. Koskinen Book 2010 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers

Pandemic

許可

Systemic View and Systems Thinking,asis of a common ‘code’, that is, on the basis of the formal apparatus provided by systems theory (e.g. Bell and Morse, 1999). The systemic view gives primacy to the interrelationships, rather than to the elements of a system. It is from these dynamic interrelationships that new properties of the system emerge.

詞根詞綴法

CLAP

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FOLD

宮殿般

Paola Puma,Antonella Trombadore 2001). This shift was caused by the changing nature of work from mass production, with essentially stable customer requirements and slowly changing technology, to the current situation in which every product supplied may be made to a bespoke design, and in which technological changes are continuous

Cursory

ineptitude

Paola Puma,Antonella Trombadore74), sponsored by von Foerster (Varela, 1996). Its roots lie in cybernetics and in the neurophysiology of cognition. The autopoietic approach was subsequently refined and developed over a period of five years (Maturana, 1975, 1978; Varela, 1979; Maturana and Varela, 1980a). Two readings edited by Ze

expire

針葉樹

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1063-2her. They explain the generation and renewal of variation by random elements and winnowing. Internal forces provide continuity to whatever survives the winnowing. Many of the economic evolutionary theories assume that individual learning, organizational adaptation, and the environmental selection of