Titlebook: Auditory System; Anatomy Physiology ( H. W. Ades,A. Axelsson,E. G. Wever,Wolf D. Keidel, Book 1974 Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Heidelberg 197

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The External Ear,e sound field modifying and augmenting the directionality associated with head diffraction and adding substantial acoustic gain at the higher frequencies. These properties are intimately connected with the spatial perception of sound and are of considerable importance in auditory measurements and in

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The Acoustic Middle Ear Muscle Reflex,abbits, both middle ear muscles, the m. tensor tympani and m. stapedius, are activated in this reflex. The threshold of the m. tensor tympani contraction is usually higher than that of the m. stapedius. In either case, the threshold is well above the threshold of hearing. In man, the contraction of

avulsion

,Inner Ear — Cochlear Mechanics and Cochlear Potentials,ransmission to the central nervous system as all-or-none impulses in the fibers of the auditory nerve. Although amplitudes of the mechanical motions are incredibly small and the neurons do not sustain response rates greater than about 200–300 impulses/sec, we can with relative ease hear the musical

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The Morphology of the Middle Ear Muscles in Mammals,ranchial arch mesoderm and is innervated by a branch from the trigeminal nerve, whereas the stapedius muscle is derived from the second branchial arch mesoderm and is innervated by a branch from the facial nerve.

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Offstage

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Handbook of Sensory Physiologyhttp://image.papertrans.cn/b/image/165026.jpg

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Efflorescent