Titlebook: Atlas of Parathyroid Surgery; Alexander Shifrin Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spri

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Armen M. Jerbashian,Joel E. Restrepoire extensive dissection to reach the target site and have a protracted learning curve, long operative times, and potential risks related to CO. absorption. This chapter describes a minimally invasive video-assisted right superior parathyroidectomy.

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Transoral Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOEPVA),urrent laryngeal nerve and is associated with a shorter postoperative recovery, leading to better patient satisfaction [1–3]. Despite these benefits, it still requires a cervical incision with a resultant scar.

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S. Silbernagl,W. Pfaller,H. Heinle,A. Wendelandard procedure for the management of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). In experienced hands, it is a safe and highly effective procedure. Furthermore, it is a cost-effective operation that can be performed anywhere in the world, without need for sophisticated preoperative imaging modalities or intra-oper

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Functions of Glutathione in Liver and Kidneyefective 1-α hydroxylase enzyme, which cause impaired renal activation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferal to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. These cause hyperphosphatemia and hypovitaminosis D, which result in prolonged hypocalcemia and lead to hyperplasia of the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and e