Titlebook: Atlas of Normal Imaging Variations of the Brain, Skull, and Craniocervical Vasculature; Alexander M. McKinney Book 2017 Springer Internati

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Abominate

Cerebellar Tonsillar Ectopiaas the degree of descent/position (in millimeters) of the tonsils has a normal distribution relative to age. Traditionally defined, a Chiari 1 malformation was simply defined as a hindbrain and skull anomaly consisting of “tonsillar herniation” below the foramen magnum; however, it was later defined

衍生

Cerebellar Flocculus Pseudomasslly on noncontrast MRI sequences. Since the flocculus juts out into the CPA and is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, asymmetry (from side to side), volume averaging (with normal adjacent cerebellar hemispheres or the middle cerebellar peduncle), and beam-hardening artifact (from adjacent quite dens

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財產(chǎn)

Cranial Nerve VII: Normal Contrast Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imagingl auditory canal (IAC) are quite common. Such MRI examinations typically employ postcontrast T1WI with fat suppression in order to augment visualization of an abnormally enhancing CN7 (e.g., Bell palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Lyme disease, leukemia, sarcoidosis) or CN8 (e.g., schwannoma, labyrinthiti

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護航艦

Cavernous Sinus Fat and Pseudomasses(CT) and may simulate air or gas. Without proper windowing the hypodensity on CT can lead to undue concern for air emboli or gas from a fracture involving the skull base (such as gas from the sphenoid sinus or petrous apices), for an arachnoid cyst, or it may even be windowed appropriately but consi

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Pituitary Variations, Artifacts, Primary Empty Sella, and Incidentalomas) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). The adenohypophysis arises from the Rathke pouch, which represents an upward invagination of the oral ectoderm; the adenohypophysis is also called the anterior lobe and secretes a number of important endocrine hormones (under direction from the hypothalamu

Migratory

Liliequist Membrane, particularly during endoscopic third ventriculostomy. This membrane is generally located posterior to the pituitary infundibulum (stalk), anterior to the interpeduncular cistern of the midbrain, inferior to the third ventricular floor, superior to the prepontine cistern, and medial to the tip of t

一大塊

Pineal Gland: Normal Size, Appearance, and Enhancementn weight and volume with age and can even gradually increase in adulthood. Also, the degree of calcification of the pineal gland should not significantly increase after 30–40 years of age. The glands are typically not calcified in children younger than 5 years of age but may progressively calcify in