Titlebook: Astronomical Masers; Moshe Elitzur Book 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1992 Galaxy.astronomy.astrophysics.star.stars.stell

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hypotension

Negligible

Masers as Astronomical Tools, propagating. Some of the probed properties can be deduced even without modeling of the maser process itself. In such cases maser radiation provides a general astronomical tool, employed in the analysis of properties altogether unrelated to maser action per se. This final chapter describes some of t

caldron

Epilogue,when population inversion was a novelty, still regarded as something of a mysterious, exotic process. Many of the intricate, unique properties of coherent radiation were studied by astronomers almost at the same time they were being unraveled by laboratory physicists. Reading through the early liter

GOAD

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42791-7an at the turn of this century with the discovery of evidence for the existence of interstellar material. Various atomic absorption lines in stellar spectra displayed a correlation between depth of absorption features and distance to the background star, indicating that the absorbing material reside

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Indicative

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94345-3In this approximation the vector nature of the electric field is ignored, resulting in considerable simplifications. Most of the essential features of complete theory are preserved; the only important property lost is polarization, discussed separately in chapter 6.

猛然一拉

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94345-3 angular distribution, and since it does not have a true intensity ., it cannot predict the brightness temperature either. In addition, although the behavior of radiation propagating along individual rays is in general similar to that of the linear maser, the saturation effect couples different rays

宴會

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06294-1m Maxwell’s equations, the electric field of electromagnetic radiation is perpendicular to the propagation direction. In the case of monochromatic waves, the tip of the field vector traces a well-defined figure in the transverse plane, usually an ellipse, a property referred to as .. Real radiation

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Karsten Berr,Sebastian Feldhusen s summarized by the volume pump rates . and loss rates Γ., are given. It is now time to investigate the underlying pumping mechanisms that keep the masers going. This is done in the present chapter, which discusses the various mechanisms that can lead to maser inversion. Most of the information that