Titlebook: Applications of Geodesy to Engineering; Symposium No. 108, S Klaus Linkwitz,Viktor Eisele,Hans-Joachim M?nicke Conference proceedings 1993

glomeruli

deriver

Calibration, Microwave Radiometersts for surveying engineers. In order that these structures disturb the environment as little as possible the demands upon engineering design increase, resulting in complicated plans, and surveillance after the structure is built.

macabre

無效

Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophyillion tons. For more effective and rational exploratory development, it is necessary to use mine surveying supply of mining based on the constant replenishment and renovation of mine working plans. The use of stereo-photogrammetry as the main method of stripping mine survey was initiated 40 years a

不可接觸

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5ethod we avoid the long field measurements and hindrances during construction. The main advantage is that any staking and restaking, if stakes become damaged, is unnecessary. The method is economically competitive with other methods and was tested on the construction site of a steelworks. The result

altruism

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5 minimization or prevention of negative environmental effects. The fundamental role of surveying data in many research programmes is obvious, as surface subsidence trough is, first of all, a geometrical object. The subsidence trough formation is rather well understood in coal mining. In metal mining

laceration

可觸知

Gérard Duhaime,Sébastien LévesqueThe paper presents generalization of certain model of kinematic network (Kadaj, 1990) for three-dimensional system, taking account of applications to observations of displacements and deformations of engineering constructions (for example water dams).

Credence

Encyclopedia of Radiation OncologyElectronic sensors for direction and distance measurements and more powerful and cheaper computers opened the way to new applications for electronic theodolites and tacheometers. 3D-measurement systems were developed for surveying of industrial objects using triangulation, trilateration, or polar measurement methods.

魅力

The Estimation of Rigid-Body-Movements around a 3D-AxisThis paper describes a method for the determination of movements of an object around a spatial axis. Founded on coordinates of different epochs the rigidity of the object and the spatial position of the axis will be estimated. Finally one application will illustrate the developed theory.