Titlebook: Applications of Algebraic Topology; Graphs and Networks. S. Lefschetz Book 1975 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1975 Algebraic.Alg

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多山

終端

Reliability, Life Testing, and Shelf Life,Two elements dominate linear algebra: matrices and vectors. One may identify vectors with certain matrices but not .. Thus matrices are the dominant feature. We shall, therefore, first deal with matrices and then with vectors.

圖畫文字

Simulation and Random Variable Generation,The idea of duality occurs in many parts of mathematics. Its earliest appearance (some 125 years ago) was in projective geometry where it permitted to halve the number of theorems to be proved. It also played a most important role in analysis, for example in Banach spaces. In topology, beginning with Poincaré its role has been no less important.

享樂主義者

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45641-1There are many approaches to topology. One of the most accessible is by means of the notion of distance. Our purpose in the present chapter is to sketch this approach and a few of the general concepts derivable from it. It may be said that this material amply covers our future needs.

高爾夫

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45641-1The properties of a finite graph (only type considered) may be divided into two distinct groups: geometric, really topological properties, and algebraic properties. In the present chapter, we present the geometry of a graph and in the next its algebra.

forecast

Empirical Modeling of Exchange Rate Dynamics. The first step in dealing with graph algebra is to orient the graph G. This means assigning to each branch b. with endpoints n.,n. one of the two, say, n. as . point and the other n. as . point. Hereafter G will always be assumed oriented.

BILIO

乞討

deviate

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22901-5A graph G is planar if one may sketch it on an Euclidean plane, that is represent it faithfully (map it topologically) on the plane: The problem of finding conditions under which G is planar is of evident geometric interest, and also of interest for network theory as we shall see. This is the main problem to be discussed in the present chapter.