Titlebook: Antibiotic Resistance Methods and Protocols; Stephen H. Gillespie Book 20011st edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), un

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Application of SSCP to Identification of Resistance Mutationsuence polymorphisms. Sequencing of clones remains relatively expensive and time consuming for investigating a large number of isolates from clinical practice or strains from mutation experiments. This chapter outlines a method for screening large numbers of PCR amplimers, which can then inform ratio

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Detection Methods of Glycopeptide-Resistant , Ifined by the population analysis (. below). MIC or paper disc susceptibility tests cannot detect heteroresistant strains. It would appear that heterogeneously resistant VRSA is a preliminary stage that allows development into full resistance upon further exposure to vancomycin. Therefore, it .ms rea

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Multiplex PCR for the Rapid Simultaneous Speciation and Detection of Methicillin-Resistance and Genepecific staphylococcal resistance genes, such as .A, encoding methicillin resistance, or staphylococcal virulence genes, such as . and ., encoding enterotoxin B, enterotoxin C, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, respectively. In S. . the detection of methicillin-resistance using agar diffusion or bro

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BOX PCR Fingerprinting for Molecular Typing of ,ng in different loci where the repeat is encountered (..). Moreover, their location in the vicinity of genes involved in the regulation of various aspects of bacterial competence, genetic transformation and virulence suggest that the elements might well be involved in coordination of the control of

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Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of ,, ,, ,, and , Genes in Enterococciphenotypes, VanA, VanB, and VanC, account for most glycopeptide resistance in enterococci; they can be distinguished on the basis of the level and inducibility of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

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Micro-Well Phage Replication Assay for Screening Mycobacteria for Resistance to Rifampin and Streptoria. Rapid testing is now possible for the potent antituberculosis drug rifampicin using molecular methods to detect those mutations that confer resistance (., .). However, the high cost and requirement for specialized equipment may prohibit the application of this technology in resource-poor settin