Titlebook: Animal Mind — Human Mind; Report of the Dahlem D. R. Griffin Conference proceedings 1982 Dr. S. Bernhard, Dahlem Konferenzen, Berlin 1982 E

ARBOR

Chronological

Risk-benefit Assessment in Animals,deration on account of higher fitness presumed to accrue to efficient foragers, and discussion is limited to birds on account of the limited experience of the author. First, evidence is presented concerning the minimum type of information to which birds appear to be responsive in adjusting their for

暫停,間歇

The Ecological Conditions of Thinking,The general organizational schema of behavior consists of three basic behavioral components and their interactions, namely, orientation behavior, monitoring behavior, and effect-directed behavior. The regulari ties of these forms of behavior are discussed. Thinking is the most developed form of effe

palette

多嘴多舌

Primate Social Intelligence: Contributions from the Laboratory, occurred in the processes subserving wanting and knowing provide the distinguishing features of intelligence and are the source of interest in intelligence as a biological phenomenon. Our knowledge of primate intelligence is mainly based on laboratory studies of the problem-solving behavior of indi

Lineage

Internal Representation,spatial information. A distinction between “analog” and “nonanalog” processes and representations is made, and a selection of empirical studies suggesting the need to postulate a special type of analog representational system is reviewed. The history of the debate over the necessity for postulating

排他

Problem Solving,roaches of Gestalt psychology and continues at the present time under the aspect of information processing..Recognizing that different problems require the application of different problem-solving processes in man, classifications have been proposed describing different problem structures..Informati

強(qiáng)化

Ascent of Apes, female chimpanzee, Sarah, demonstrated the ability to reason analogically in a variety of analogy problems. She chose the correct stimulus B’ to complete an analogy A is to A′ same as B is to B1 and chose the correct predicates to complete analogies A is to A′ same as B is to B′ and A is to A′ diff

尋找

Cognitive Knowledge and Executive Control: Metacognition,dge in information processing systems. According to these types of knowledge, one can distinguish between a person’s cognitive knowledge and executive processes. Cognitive knowledge refers to a person’s stored information about human thinking, especially about the features of his own thinking. Execu

anaerobic

On the Evolution of Cognitive Processes and Performances,for understanding demands that we try to develop a comprehensive picture of the backgrounds, connections, and general laws relating these facts to one another. The nature of the facts determines how fundamental and objective the laws are which can be developed from them, and the sciences differ in t