Titlebook: Africa and Mathematics; From Colonial Findin Dirk Huylebrouck Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 ethnomathematics.sand drawings.

Oration

Interferons

Storytelling and Musicnts of African music, discussed in the second part of the chapter, are emphasized because of their importance for an interpretation of the carvings on the Ishango rods as an arithmetic game, as it shows analogous doublings and additions as in African music.

一美元

Reasoning Without Writingut an African counting genius and examples of African games of strategy. Here, the necessity of notational methods emerges, on ropes, wooden objects and bones. Some exceptional objects from the Belgian Africa Museum of Tervuren are depictured for the first time in this book. They sometimes unmistakably look like the Ishango rods.

證實

jumble

Missing Linka rather singular finding? This meaning is discussed in this chapter, as it presents summaries of results from linguistics, archaeology, mathematics, culture, genetics and ethnography, about the connections between the region of Ishango and the rest of Africa, and hence about its possible influence on the Western world.

性別

Not Out of Africa” mathematics. Still, the last word is left to an uncontested authority in the history of mathematics, J. Struik (Mass. Inst. of Technology), who quoted Molière’s “bourgeois gentilhomme” about his ignorance that he “spoke in prose”: maybe the “bourgeois colonizers” do not realize until today that Africans did mathematics?

小丑

Museum Visit, Teaching, Researchthematical point of view, while examples of classroom quizzes of different levels on African mathematics illustrate how some topics could immediately be used by teachers. Some research studies rely on more specialized mathematics, but they will hopefully lead to more respect for these African mathematics and convince even the most sceptical minds.

forager

Creative Counting say “five-twelve” instead of “seven-teen” because they use the base 12 and not 10 and they count this base with the thumb on the 12 phalanxes of the four remaining fingers of the same hand. Thus, the sums 48 = 4 × 12 and 60 = 5 × 12 seen on one of the Ishango rods could have been a result of such a counting system ‘by dozens’.

無脊椎