Titlebook: What Were the Crusades?; Jonathan Riley-Smith Book 1977 Jonathan Riley-Smith 1977 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).crusades.development

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When Were the Crusades?,than the actual waging of war. A crusade was regarded as a form of pilgrimage and pilgrimage terminology was often used of the crusaders and their campaigns; the vow the crusaders took was based on that of pilgrims and so were many of the privileges they enjoyed in consequence of it, particularly th

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What Were the Crusades?,the crusades dominated the thoughts and feelings of western Europeans between 1095 and 1400 so profoundly that there was scarcely a writer on contemporary affairs who did not at some point refer to one of them or to the fate of the states established in their wake on the eastern shores of the Medite

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Who Were the Crusaders?,mont he asked his audience to make promises and told those who answered his call to sew crosses on their clothes as a public sign of their commitment. This was a new element in the Christian Holy War, although it was the product of a train of thought already in his mind before November 1095: at Piac

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Legitimate Authority, and other Holy Wars was that the ruler who legitimised them was not an emperor or king, but the pope; and resulting from the papal initiative were the characteristic privileges enjoyed by crusaders, particularly the Indulgence, which could be granted only by him.

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Jonathan Riley-Smitha between the two, and by their very nature will no doubt continue to fall partly within the philosophical re- mainder. In seeking to treat these problems with a properly sober mixture of rhyme and reason, I have tried to keep philosophical jargon to a minimum and to avoid excessive mathematical com