Titlebook: Western North American Juniperus Communities; A Dynamic Vegetation O. W. Auken Book 2008 Springer-Verlag New York 2008 Savanna.Woody plant.

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Structure and Composition of Juniperus Communities and Factors That Control Themt and Southwest or above the various grasslands found in this region (Coupland 1979; Sims 1988; West 1988, 1999; Van Auken 2000a). They are usually below the diverse high-elevation evergreen forests that are found here as well (West 1988, 1999). Rainfall in . woodland communities is usually 17 to 80

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Distribution of Juniperus Woodlands in Central Texas in Relation to General Abiotic Site Typecribed fire (Grumbles 1989; Rasmassan and Wright 1989; Scifres 1980; Lyons et al. 1998; Taylor 1997; Wright 1980). Recently, more workers have investigated . species from the point of view of understanding their basic biology, rather than developing control methods (Van Auken 2000). Workers have inv

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Comparison of the Understory Vegetation of Juniperus Woodlandsacent to various grassland communities and, in addition, are usually closely associated with small grasslands that are embedded in the woodland matrix (Baskin and Baskin 1978; Terletzky and Van Auken 1996). These glade-like areas lack an overstory and are referred to as intercanopy patches (Baskin a

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Ecological Consequences of the Replacement of Native Grassland by Juniperus virginiana and Other Woonic activities has increased dramatically over the past 150 years. When Europeans first settled the Midwest and Great Plains, the greatest threat to native grasslands was the conversion of the most highly productive of these ecosystems to row-crop agriculture (Samson and Knopf 1994). Later, with imp

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