作者: conservative 時間: 2025-3-21 21:04 作者: CERE 時間: 2025-3-22 03:07 作者: 多產(chǎn)魚 時間: 2025-3-22 05:27
978-94-007-8948-7Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009作者: Hyperlipidemia 時間: 2025-3-22 09:09 作者: 背叛者 時間: 2025-3-22 14:24
Introductione include the study of novel states of matter, the observation of previously unseen phase transitions, and the discovery of new macroscopic quantum effects which arise when the intriguing rules of quantum mechanics are no longer restricted to the subatomic world, but rather determine the collective 作者: chuckle 時間: 2025-3-22 19:17 作者: 侵害 時間: 2025-3-23 00:15
Quantum Mechanics marbles to the motion of planets, Maxwell‘s equations explained electromagnetic phenomena and statistical physics was the underlying theory for thermodynamic observations. However, a few effects remained truly unexplained, such as the spectrum of black-body radiation and the photoelectric effect. W作者: 食物 時間: 2025-3-23 01:55
Statistical physics physics is to derive these phenomenological laws starting from a true microscopic description of the many-body system. It is then needed to perform an appropriate average over the many microscopic degrees of freedom. The fundamental assumption of statistical physics is that every microscopic state 作者: Jubilation 時間: 2025-3-23 07:10 作者: Juvenile 時間: 2025-3-23 11:43
Second Quantizationoing from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics. It amounts to replacing the classical dynamical variables and their Poisson brackets by quantum mechanical operators and their commutators. Considering a system of particles in an external electromagnetic field, the above procedure leads to the ori作者: 絕食 時間: 2025-3-23 17:51 作者: 頭盔 時間: 2025-3-23 20:50
Interactions and Feynman Diagrams, we calculated the partition sum for the ideal quantum gas in three different ways. The last method involved the noninteracting Green‘s function, which was seen to form the bridge between the more familiar operator formalism and the newly obtained functional-integral formalism. In this chapter we e作者: 山崩 時間: 2025-3-23 23:10
Landau Theory of Phase Transitionsally controllable variable. Familiar examples in everyday life are the transitions from gases to liquids or from liquids to solids, due to for example a change in the temperature or the pressure. Another example is the transition from a disordered to a magnetized state in a ferromagnetic material as作者: 騷動 時間: 2025-3-24 05:07 作者: 敲竹杠 時間: 2025-3-24 07:09 作者: Vulnerary 時間: 2025-3-24 11:49
Condensation of Fermionic Pairsperfluid state. To this end, we use the functional formalism to elegantly incorporate the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer order parameter into our theory by means of the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation. The traditional approach used by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer, which is based on a variational w作者: 失望昨天 時間: 2025-3-24 18:18
Symmetries and Symmetry Breakingal symmetry group .(1)×. .(2)= .(3). Apart from the esthetic beauty of having a symmetric description of physical phenomena, the presence of a symmetry in the problem also often leads to useful practical simplifications. For example, the energy-level structure of a Hamiltonian, and in particular the作者: 盟軍 時間: 2025-3-24 22:11
Renormalization Group Theorya very powerful technique for studying strongly-interacting problems, but also gives a beautiful conceptual framework for understanding many-body physics in general. The latter comes about because in practice we are often interested in determining the physics of a many-body system at the macroscopic作者: SYN 時間: 2025-3-25 02:35 作者: jovial 時間: 2025-3-25 05:56
Optical Latticesoptical lattices. We start by considering in detail the atom-light interaction and derive from first principles the potential that an alkali atom experiences in an optical field. Then, we turn to many-body physics by showing that gases of ultracold atoms in a sufficiently deep optical lattice are de作者: 創(chuàng)新 時間: 2025-3-25 08:03 作者: 商品 時間: 2025-3-25 14:10 作者: PATHY 時間: 2025-3-25 18:46
Functional Integralses as we derived the path-integral approach to quantum mechanics in Chap. 5. To familiarize ourselves with this new method, we then discuss in detail the ideal quantum gases. The deep and fundamentally different consequences of interactions are then the topic of the rest of the book.作者: 使習(xí)慣于 時間: 2025-3-25 23:47
1864-5879 le.The reader will learn the most powerful many-body techniqOn June 19th 1999, the European Ministers of Education signed the Bologna Dec laration, with which they agreed that the European university education should be uniformized throughout Europe and based on the two cycle bachelor master’s sys t作者: 缺乏 時間: 2025-3-26 01:15 作者: 無能力 時間: 2025-3-26 08:20 作者: 實現(xiàn) 時間: 2025-3-26 08:46 作者: Radiculopathy 時間: 2025-3-26 14:55 作者: 委托 時間: 2025-3-26 17:57
using the same representation technique of different levels of ab- straction. On completing this book the reader should have achieved a system- atic grounding in the subject allowing him access to the net literature [25]. These objectives determined the subjects treated here. The presentation of th作者: 6Applepolish 時間: 2025-3-26 21:02
Petri Net Simulator (GPenSIM). Hence, with the use of this book the readers/users would be able to know that real-life discrete event systems could be modeled, analyzed, and performance-optimized with GPenSIM..978-981-16-5205-9978-981-16-5203-5Series ISSN 2522-5162 Series E-ISSN 2522-5170 作者: Tidious 時間: 2025-3-27 03:55 作者: addition 時間: 2025-3-27 07:59 作者: 誘惑 時間: 2025-3-27 11:23 作者: 鄙視讀作 時間: 2025-3-27 14:17
n, st?rker w?chst als jede primitiv-rekursive Funktion. Solche Probleme sind zwar auch in der Theorie der Berechenbarkeit bekannt, aber meist extrem künstlich. Hier findet man in der Petri-Netz-Theorie aber ?natürliche“ Fragestellungen nicht primitiv-rekursiver Komplexit?t.作者: 確保 時間: 2025-3-27 19:23 作者: FOLLY 時間: 2025-3-27 22:20 作者: 確保 時間: 2025-3-28 04:00
f the theory whenever a small change needs to be made to the algebra (for example, due to the introduction of a new operator), we shall develop a general mechanism to define net operators based on an auxiliary notion of net refinement.作者: 卡死偷電 時間: 2025-3-28 10:10 作者: Fermentation 時間: 2025-3-28 13:02
desqualen, die seine Phantasie entzünden und nach Verarbeitung in eigener ?sthetischer Produktivit?t dr?ngen, wie etwa die ., der., Gericaults . oder Picassos.. In diese thematische Reihe der Weiss inspirierenden künstlerischen Todesdarstellungen geh?rt, als wichtigstes literarisches Exempel, auch diejenige Dantes.作者: left-ventricle 時間: 2025-3-28 15:54
Chaumont hilfreich, der im Zusammenhang mit Edward Youngs jüngst erschienener heftiger Kritk an Weiss’ Auschwitzdrama . von einem Paradigmenwechsel im Erinnerungsdiskurs der Shoah spricht.. Der antifaschistische Erinnerungsdiskurs l??t sich nach Chaumont wie folgt charakterisieren:作者: 抑制 時間: 2025-3-28 19:51
d. Each token capacity is calculated in a reduced net which eliminates the shared resource. The results are used to determine the number of initial tokens in each .-place. This number can be interpreted as the number of jobs which can be dispatched to the system in the same interval without blocking the system.作者: inchoate 時間: 2025-3-29 02:18 作者: maculated 時間: 2025-3-29 04:32
Gaussian Integralshe above-mentioned topics, meaning that proofs will often be omitted or replaced by illustrative examples. The more experienced reader who is already familiar with Gaussian integrals, complex analysis, and Grassmann algebras, can use this chapter for reference.作者: Infinitesimal 時間: 2025-3-29 07:35
Quantum Mechanics completely different from the rules that we know in our everyday life. This set of rules is called quantum mechanics and its success in explaining the microscopic world has been enormous. An important example is Bohr‘s explanation for the discrete spectra of light that is absorbed and emitted by at作者: 阻擋 時間: 2025-3-29 13:28
Statistical physicsnamely the micro-canonical, the canonical and the grand-canonical ensemble. In the thermodynamic limit these ensembles become essentially equivalent, such that we can choose the ensemble that is most convenient to work with. In our case, this is nearly always the grand-canonical ensemble, which we t作者: MAZE 時間: 2025-3-29 17:39
Path Integralsh integral, we discuss various ways of solving it and apply these methods to the free particle and to a particle in a potential. We also derive the path-integral expressions for matrix elements of operators and expectation values, where we see that the path-integral formalism gives rise to time-orde作者: pancreas 時間: 2025-3-29 22:50
Second Quantizationantum theory still treated classically, it is commonly referred to as second quantization. Another way to understand this name is by introducing a Lagrangian density that generates the Schr?dinger equation upon applying the Euler-Lagrange equations. This means that the fields of the Lagrangian densi作者: Semblance 時間: 2025-3-30 03:06 作者: Adenoma 時間: 2025-3-30 06:55 作者: 別炫耀 時間: 2025-3-30 10:19 作者: CLAM 時間: 2025-3-30 14:09
Bose-Einstein Condensationular, the intrinsic quantum-mechanical nature of this many-body state results in intriguing properties such as the possibility for the gas to flow without friction, i.e. superfluidity..The subjects of this chapter are the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and the superfluidity of ultracold atomic Bos作者: 新鮮 時間: 2025-3-30 19:11 作者: 易彎曲 時間: 2025-3-30 22:54 作者: babble 時間: 2025-3-31 04:08 作者: 菊花 時間: 2025-3-31 08:40 作者: 失敗主義者 時間: 2025-3-31 12:18
Optical Latticesies to a Bose gas in an optical lattice. We show that this model contains a new quantum phase of matter called the Mott-insulator phase, as first discussed by Fisher et al. [160]. Moreover, the Bose gas is predicted to undergo a quantum phase transition from the superfluid state to the Mott-insulato作者: 宮殿般 時間: 2025-3-31 17:17 作者: Mosaic 時間: 2025-3-31 19:56
Book 2009cal Field Theory and Quantum Field Theory. These focus in particular on the general concepts of quantum ?eld theory, rather than on the wide variety of possible applica tions. These applications are left to optional courses that build upon the ?rm concep tual basis given in the obligatory courses. T
