作者: 說(shuō)不出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:46
TemperatureAccording to Chap. 5 a certain behavior of a quantity which may meaningfully be termed “temperature” is required, at least in equilibrium. Here a definition of temperature based on the quantum microstate is given. On the basis of this definition the above-mentioned behavior is demonstrated for various standard processes and setups.作者: 可憎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:42 作者: ARIA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:48
978-3-642-26099-5Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009作者: 他姓手中拿著 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 12:02
Quantum Thermodynamics978-3-540-70510-9Series ISSN 0075-8450 Series E-ISSN 1616-6361 作者: Gyrate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:02 作者: HILAR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:28
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70510-9decohernece; open quantum systems; quantum entropy; quantum mechanics; quantum thermodynamics; thermodyna作者: 情節(jié)劇 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 01:13 作者: 刺耳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:56
The Program for the Foundation of Thermodynamicsr (as we observe it) is completely defined. Thus, if all those rules can be shown to result from an underlying theory, here quantum mechanics, thermodynamics might be considered as emerging from this underlying theory; if the approach failed to demonstrate any of them, the task would not be accomplished fully.作者: Senescent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:56 作者: conjunctivitis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:45
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Güunter Mahlerividual behaviour. As the ecological crisis deepens, it is increasingly recognised that mainstream understandings and interventions are inadequate to the collective threat posed by climate change and related ec978-1-349-67481-7978-1-137-35160-9Series ISSN 2662-2629 Series E-ISSN 2662-2637 作者: ARENA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:16
actions in which both species are influenced, there are also interactions in which only one species is influenced. This could be either commensalism (+ 0 interaction) or amensalism (- 0 interaction). For this type of interaction the size of the animals often determines the outcome of the interaction作者: Precursor 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:47
t. In between these extremes of environmental energy, benthic organisms and, therefore, bioturbation play a role. Sediment transport by bioturbation is mainly vertical, within the sediment column, whereas currents and waves transport sediment along the bottom. However, both are linked, e. g. sedimen作者: 證實(shí) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 00:08
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerme period. Loss of these marshes is causing concern because of the reduction in protection offered by the vegetation to the sea walls that surround most of this coastline, and because of the conservation importance of these habitats. These estuaries contain about 28,000 ha of mudflats and 8500 ha of作者: 合乎習(xí)俗 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:56
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerrophytobenthos) that dominate depositional systems are far less obvious than the intertidal macro algae found on hard substrata. The following chapter addresses some of the differences found between sandy and muddy shores with emphasis on the dominant microphytobenthos.作者: Alcove 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 07:39 作者: GEON 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:45
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerbitats, particularly mangroves and seagrass beds, is reviewed for each of the above-mentioned factors. Most data show that mangroves and/or seagrass beds have high densities of various fish species and some of their food items, and a lower predation risk for fish and decapods due to factors such as 作者: Affiliation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 15:43 作者: CAB 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:23
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahler variability for what they are, two of the essential features of the biological world. We would be wise to restructure our search for orderly patterns in the natural world. We should stop thinking primarily in terms of central tendencies?…?.Variation among and within species is fundamental to organi作者: photopsia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 02:23
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Güunter Mahler variability for what they are, two of the essential features of the biological world. We would be wise to restructure our search for orderly patterns in the natural world. We should stop thinking primarily in terms of central tendencies?…?.Variation among and within species is fundamental to organi作者: 調(diào)整校對(duì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:43
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Güunter Mahlering. In the East China Sea, the continual increase in plant nutrient fluxes from land sources, such as the Changjiang, has caused eutrophication in surface waters of the coastal environment. The degradation of organic matter, either allochthonous or autochthonous in origin or both, has fueled hetero作者: 起皺紋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:13
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Güunter Mahlerf changes in individual consumption patterns or a significant ‘public response’, has been claimed to be negligible. As a result, sociologists, economists and social psychologists increasingly question the relevance of information-deficit and rational actor models of human behaviour and seek alternat作者: dendrites 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:42 作者: 項(xiàng)目 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:32 作者: 使成波狀 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:21 作者: wreathe 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:23 作者: 痛打 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:16
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerrow window of opportunity to reforest before the system collapses. Farmers are also required by the New Forest Code (NFC) to restore ecologically critical areas. However, mandated restoration under the NFC may be inadequate to prevent ecological collapse. Furthermore, the small family farmers have s作者: 不規(guī)則 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:02 作者: Wordlist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:41
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlernagement of highly productive native forests, and promotes the restoration of millions of hectares of degraded native forests. These measures should be developed with the aim of increasing ecosystem services for local communities in particular, as well as those of global relevance, such as increasin作者: FOVEA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:25 作者: 突襲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:56
Book 2009Latest editionch a connection was basically introduced when Joule calculated the heat equ- alent in 1840 showing that heat was a form of energy, just like kinetic or potential energy in the theory of mechanics. At the end of the 19th century, when the atomic theory became popular, researchers began to think of a 作者: 發(fā)現(xiàn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:47
l environment, such as tidal level, sediment composition and salinity. More recently, however, biotic interactions have been recognised to be a significant structuring force for intertidal sand flat communities (.; .). There are several kinds of biotic interactions (.). The most frequently studied i作者: Microgram 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 08:49 作者: 正式通知 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:10
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerated with climate change. The saltmarshes of southeastern England, which developed for several centuries under conditions of local SLR, are now disappearing rapidly. These marshes offer the potential for study of the processes that determine loss of vegetation, and of the processes necessary for the作者: excrete 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:33
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerd between shores of different aspects have developed into a series of classical studies that outline the nature of the forces (exposure, competition, grazing) that dominate rocky shore ecology (.). These hard shores have natural advantages for scientists interested in intertidal ecology: they are us作者: FLIRT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:46
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerated) inshore habitats and commonly move offshore into deeper water as they grow. The species that exhibit an inshore/offshore life history are often large individuals and may support commercial fisheries. In this chapter the habitats of a range of tropical decapods are described and likely mechanis作者: 彎腰 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:17 作者: 刺耳的聲音 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:33
adromous fish species, only a proportion of the population undertakes migrations and this proportion varies widely between species and families. Three different types of migration are anadromy, catadromy, and amphidromy. Tropical anadromous species are mostly clupeoids, including several shads and h作者: effrontery 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:09 作者: omnibus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:13 作者: abolish 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:21 作者: 混亂生活 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:54 作者: blithe 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 22:57 作者: inclusive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:42 作者: 胰島素 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:38
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahleris problem 10 ycars ago whcn I started my research career and spent a long time pouring ovcr the literature in order to find the most useful techniques. The intervening decade has seen a further increasc in the number ofpapers devoted to the topic of ecological diversity but has led to no consensus 作者: noxious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 12:06
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter Mahlerel’ for diversity measures is to test their performance on a range of data sets. There are two approaches to this. First, by looking at contrived data it is possible to observe how the different measures react to changes in the two major components of diversity, species richness and evenness. Howeve作者: murmur 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 18:47 作者: 繁榮中國(guó) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:42 作者: 不安 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 01:56
Jochen Gemmer,M. Michel,Günter MahlerChile since its strong development in the 1980s. Like every human activity, and especially those of industrial character, it is necessary to constantly assess both the positive and negative impacts it generates as a consequence. Forest public policies enacted during the 1980s seem to have been succe作者: giggle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:00 作者: extinguish 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 12:04 作者: Aggressive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:03 作者: helper-T-cells 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 19:14
Entanglement, Correlations and Local Entropyadigm. Within the approach at hand increasing correlations may be viewed as the “source” of relaxation. We analyze this apparent contradiction in some detail. Furthermore, the issue of local entropy and purity is investigated.作者: 撫育 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:12
Generic Spectra of Large Systemsystems. In the same limit an exponentially growing density of states within a finite energy range is shown to result. As an example the entropy of an ideal gas is computed on the basis of the presented concepts.作者: 完整 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 02:31
Pressure and Adiabatic Processesuantum microstate is given. On the basis of this definition the above-mentioned behavior is demonstrated for various standard processes. It is shown that the adiabatic process may even be stabilized by the influence of the environment.作者: 光亮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 07:47
Quantum Mechanical and Classical State Densitiesystems which are fundamentally quantum are often well described by computations based on classical models. Thus the question arises whether quantum mechanical and classical state densities are generally similar for given systems (that have a classical counterpart). In this section we analyze this question in some detail.作者: Between 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 13:14
Equilibration in Model Systemsrete physical situations. The models are always taken to consist of (cf. Fig. 9.1) the considered system S, the environment E, and the interaction. Straightforward numerical solutions of the corresponding time-dependent Schr?dinger equations already demonstrate local equilibration.作者: 類(lèi)型 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 16:12
0075-8450 n the fruitfulness of this approach has waned. — Y. Ben-Menahem and I. Pitowsky [1] Abstract The basic motivation behind the present text is threefold: To give a new explanation for the emergence of thermodynamics, to investigate the interplay between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, and to exp作者: 過(guò)分 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 17:44
Basics of Quantum Mechanicsntum mechanics for later reference. This chapter should introduce the reader only to some indispensable concepts of quantum mechanics necessary for the text at hand, but is far from being a complete overview of this subject. For a complete introduction we refer to standard textbooks [2-7].作者: 名字 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 22:43
Basics of Thermodynamics and Statisticsnomenological thermodynamics and of thermostatistics. The aim is not at all to give a complete overview of the concepts of classical thermodynamics, but a brief introduction and summary of this old and useful theory. For a complete exposition of the subject we refer to some standard textbooks [2–5].作者: Graduated 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 05:11 作者: JAMB 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 07:41
The Program for the Foundation of Thermodynamicsr (as we observe it) is completely defined. Thus, if all those rules can be shown to result from an underlying theory, here quantum mechanics, thermodynamics might be considered as emerging from this underlying theory; if the approach failed to demonstrate any of them, the task would not be accompli
