標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Levels of Reality in Science and Philosophy; Re-examining the Mul Stavros Ioannidis,Gal Vishne,Orly Shenker Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if app [打印本頁] 作者: expenditure 時間: 2025-3-21 16:59
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作者: EVEN 時間: 2025-3-21 20:42 作者: Cardiac-Output 時間: 2025-3-22 02:25 作者: 我怕被刺穿 時間: 2025-3-22 07:26 作者: 帶子 時間: 2025-3-22 09:11
978-3-030-99427-3The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl作者: PALMY 時間: 2025-3-22 15:33 作者: inferno 時間: 2025-3-22 18:05
Introduction,red in the chapters of this volume. We point out that the question whether reality has a multi-level structure is a deep philosophical issue with widespread implications for how we think about central problems in philosophy and science. We emphasise the many aspects of the notion of levels, distingu作者: obsolete 時間: 2025-3-23 00:13
Levels of Reality and Levels of Description,as Davidson’s anomalous monism. Jaegwon Kim, in particular, devoted numerous papers to this line of critique, arguing that the stratification of reality into distinct levels is incompatible with the causal closure assumption. Taking issue with Kim’s position, my chapter seeks to show that the strati作者: 厚顏無恥 時間: 2025-3-23 02:26 作者: obstruct 時間: 2025-3-23 09:26 作者: Monolithic 時間: 2025-3-23 10:53
Can the Flat Physicalist Tell Us What a Physical Entity Is?,it has a close relation to the physical sciences, expressed by the physicalist claim that what exists in the world, i.e., the physical, is what physics maintains exists. This theory-based conception troubled Carl Hempel (Synthese, 45, 139–199, 1980), who in response formulated what later came to be 作者: 大笑 時間: 2025-3-23 15:14
How Context Can Determine the Identity of Physical Computation,nswering the question ‘What does a particular neural—or physical—system do?’ in . terms. A single physical process may often be described equally well as computing several different mathematical functions—none of which is explanatorily privileged. But at which level of analysis is the computational 作者: Frequency 時間: 2025-3-23 21:07 作者: ablate 時間: 2025-3-23 23:52
,Why Functionalism Is a Form of ‘Token-Dualism’,ics as a general theory of natural kinds. We show that all the claims mounted against type-identity physicalism in the literature don’t apply to Flat Physicalism, and moreover that this reductive theory solves many of the problems faced by the various non-reductive approaches including functionalism作者: 情感脆弱 時間: 2025-3-24 04:03 作者: 積云 時間: 2025-3-24 09:33 作者: AVANT 時間: 2025-3-24 13:38 作者: 微塵 時間: 2025-3-24 16:17
Rethinking the Unity of Science Hypothesis: Levels, Mechanisms, and Realization,in distinct levels of organization, and that sciences, theories, or models take these levels as their subject matters. . requires that these sciences, theories, or models stand in a particular kind of relationship to each other. In this paper I will examine some skeptical challenges to the idea of l作者: ERUPT 時間: 2025-3-24 22:06
Parsimony Arguments in Science and Metaphysics, and Their Connection with Unification, Fundamentaliname in evaluating competing metaphysical theories. Do justifications for the scientific evaluations carry over to the metaphysical? Here, I outline three “paradigms” for justifying the epistemic relevance of parsimony in science, and assess how they bear on theory evaluation in metaphysics. I conne作者: 熱心 時間: 2025-3-24 23:53
Levels, Kinds and Multiple Realizability: The Importance of What Does Not Matter,planation. The notion of level on which I will focus is explanation-based—the idea is that sometimes the fine-grained details of a system do not matter or do not matter much for the explanation of certain coarse-grained features of its behavior. When this is the case, we often regard those fine-grai作者: painkillers 時間: 2025-3-25 06:35 作者: avulsion 時間: 2025-3-25 09:02
Stavros Ioannidis,Gal Vishne,Meir Hemmo,Orly Shenkerbe called upon to assist in the management of victims of severe environmental hypothermia. We focus on the triage of hypothermic patients who would potentially benefit from transfer to a tertiary centre. Often decisions made at the scene can result in a patient being transferred long distances to a 作者: lactic 時間: 2025-3-25 15:44 作者: 打擊 時間: 2025-3-25 19:15
Sean M. Carroll of inflammatory mediators leading to cellular damage in parenchymal organs and to inflammatory, metabolic, and neuroendocrine disturbances [.]. There is increasing evidence that autonomie dysfunction may contribute substantially to the development of MODS since continuous communication between all 作者: FLEET 時間: 2025-3-25 20:14
Michael Esfeld of inflammatory mediators leading to cellular damage in parenchymal organs and to inflammatory, metabolic, and neuroendocrine disturbances [.]. There is increasing evidence that autonomie dysfunction may contribute substantially to the development of MODS since continuous communication between all 作者: Vertical 時間: 2025-3-26 03:56
Erez Firtn the finding of a ubiquitous expression of calcitonin peptides (i.e., procalcitonin [PCT], calictonin gene related peptides (CGRPs), and adrenomedullin [ADM]) during sepsis. Calcitonin gene products are prototypes of hormokine mediators and can follow either a classical hormonal expression in neuro作者: 減震 時間: 2025-3-26 07:52 作者: alliance 時間: 2025-3-26 08:42
John Heiln the finding of a ubiquitous expression of calcitonin peptides (i.e., procalcitonin [PCT], calictonin gene related peptides (CGRPs), and adrenomedullin [ADM]) during sepsis. Calcitonin gene products are prototypes of hormokine mediators and can follow either a classical hormonal expression in neuro作者: Junction 時間: 2025-3-26 16:23
Meir Hemmo,Orly Shenkerr respiratory tract disease that was similar to an agent that had been identified in an outbreak of infection resembling the common cold in chimpanzees [., .]. Because of its characteristic cytopathologic findings in tissue culture where it forms syncytia in epithelial cells, the virus was named res作者: 銼屑 時間: 2025-3-26 18:08
Stavros Ioannidis,Stathis Psillosr respiratory tract disease that was similar to an agent that had been identified in an outbreak of infection resembling the common cold in chimpanzees [., .]. Because of its characteristic cytopathologic findings in tissue culture where it forms syncytia in epithelial cells, the virus was named res作者: 易于出錯 時間: 2025-3-26 22:12 作者: 寒冷 時間: 2025-3-27 03:13
Gualtiero Piccinini a chance occurrence, a colleague accidentally increased the temperature of one of the incubators in which he kept his specimens, and the following morning Ritossa discovered a new puffing pattern that had not been there on the previous day. Realizing the mistake, Ritossa conducted additional, prope作者: EXULT 時間: 2025-3-27 07:50
Lawrence Shapiromonary artery catheter (PAC) has been a milestone in the management of the hemodynamically unstable patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the last 30 years. Recently, the therapeutic utility of the PAC has been challenged based on studies (whose primary objective was ‘presumed’ to be patient 作者: defibrillator 時間: 2025-3-27 13:11
Elliott Sober a chance occurrence, a colleague accidentally increased the temperature of one of the incubators in which he kept his specimens, and the following morning Ritossa discovered a new puffing pattern that had not been there on the previous day. Realizing the mistake, Ritossa conducted additional, prope作者: Morsel 時間: 2025-3-27 17:04
James Woodward a chance occurrence, a colleague accidentally increased the temperature of one of the incubators in which he kept his specimens, and the following morning Ritossa discovered a new puffing pattern that had not been there on the previous day. Realizing the mistake, Ritossa conducted additional, prope作者: micronutrients 時間: 2025-3-27 17:48
guidance for the pre-hospital triage and management of victims of deep hypothermia in the mountains [.]. The principles guiding the resuscitation of victims of accidental hypothermia in the maritime or mountain environment may be applied to everyday emergency practice, even in an urban setting [.].作者: 全部 時間: 2025-3-28 01:34 作者: Mets552 時間: 2025-3-28 04:00 作者: 蕁麻 時間: 2025-3-28 09:20
Sean M. Carroll interference of the mediators and toxins with cardiac cellular signal transduction, blunted or dysfunctional cellular responses possibly contribute to decreased reflex responses of the target organ, leading to an impairment in the autonomic balance of the heart.作者: Concerto 時間: 2025-3-28 12:34
Michael Esfeld interference of the mediators and toxins with cardiac cellular signal transduction, blunted or dysfunctional cellular responses possibly contribute to decreased reflex responses of the target organ, leading to an impairment in the autonomic balance of the heart.作者: intolerance 時間: 2025-3-28 17:59 作者: GONG 時間: 2025-3-28 21:11
Nir Frescoealthy individuals and that a change in their virulence gene expression and /or an increase in numbers permitting dissemination cause symptoms of infection [.]. The molecular signals that bring about these shifts in pathogen physiology are not fully understood; however, given the importance of bacte作者: mosque 時間: 2025-3-28 22:56
John Heil circulating hormokines in sepsis [.]. The greater mRNA induction and peptide release from parenchymal cells in comparison to circulating cells, appears to indicate a tissue-based, rather than a leukocyte-based mechanism of host defense, which is characteristic of hormokines. Lowering of circulating作者: lacrimal-gland 時間: 2025-3-29 06:51
Meir Hemmo,Orly Shenkerzations is increasing [.]. Because of this, RSV-associated disease imposes a major burden on health care resources [.]. More recently, RSV is increasingly being recognized as an important pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract disease in elderly and immunocompromised patients [.].作者: 波動 時間: 2025-3-29 11:04 作者: Middle-Ear 時間: 2025-3-29 14:47
Christian Listmore than 20%, and when therapy produced differences in oxygen delivery between the control and protocol group [.]. However, that paper stressed the timing of treatment and not the technique used for monitoring. Squara and colleagues performed a study to look at the variability of treatment with the作者: Cantankerous 時間: 2025-3-29 17:58 作者: 無脊椎 時間: 2025-3-29 23:17 作者: 神化怪物 時間: 2025-3-30 02:04
Elliott Sober expression of a unique set of proteins collectively known as HSP [., .]. The structure, mode of regulation, and function of HSP are highly conserved among different species, and HSP have been identified in virtually all eukaryotic and prokaryotic species examined to date. While classically describe作者: HOWL 時間: 2025-3-30 05:49 作者: insurrection 時間: 2025-3-30 09:17
,Why Functionalism Is a Form of ‘Token-Dualism’,hat . (that partakes in this multiple realization) there are non-physical facts, which may either be non-physical properties or some non-physical substance; that is, we prove that non-reductive kinds necessarily assume non-reductive tokens, i.e., .. We then consider a surprising feature of our appro作者: avulsion 時間: 2025-3-30 15:48
Physicalism: Flat and Egalitarian,of lower-level properties. Thus, modulo the appeal to a fundamental level, egalitarian and flat physicalism agree on the relation between higher-level properties and their realizers. In conclusion, physicalism should be both flat and egalitarian. It should be flat because, insofar as there are level作者: 有法律效應(yīng) 時間: 2025-3-30 16:32 作者: overweight 時間: 2025-3-30 21:23
Book 2022computational? Do brains compute? How can the special sciences be autonomous from physics, grounded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics??..?..The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophe作者: Peristalsis 時間: 2025-3-31 02:33
2524-4248 ded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics??..?..The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophe978-3-030-99427-3978-3-030-99425-9Series ISSN 2524-4248 Series E-ISSN 2524-4256
