作者: 陰險(xiǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 22:10
ures for these forest declines ensued. Through the course of this debate, it became clear that information about forest health and air pollution effects on forests was inadequate to meet policymakers‘ needs. Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States addresses that gap for easter作者: Atheroma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:28 作者: 殺蟲(chóng)劑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:51 作者: aspect 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:48
as a historical but infrequent factor in Amazonian rainforest disturbance regimes. However, fires have become much more common because of interactions with pasture burning, increased forest fire susceptibility from logging effects on forest edges, as well as El Ni?o influences. Unfortunately, some r作者: 天氣 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 13:10 作者: 分開(kāi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:28 作者: Cupping 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:04
m other countries (Mountjoy, 1975). Whatever the validity of these somewhat pessimistic assessments, and certainly there are some dissenting voices (Maddox, 1972), they are not the subject of this book. Here it is our intention to concentrate on the prospects of successfully integrating different en作者: GEAR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:57
m other countries (Mountjoy, 1975). Whatever the validity of these somewhat pessimistic assessments, and certainly there are some dissenting voices (Maddox, 1972), they are not the subject of this book. Here it is our intention to concentrate on the prospects of successfully integrating different en作者: DRILL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:12 作者: 束以馬具 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:21
that these herbivores offer regarding the structure of pre-human ecosystems, as well as their equivalents after faunistic turnover in human times, is sometimes neglected. The conclusion is not only a call for caution when applying certain actions, such as eradication, but also for recognition of ce作者: 過(guò)剩 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:18 作者: Compassionate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:58
tion events cause a sequential series of bottom-up and top-down effects that propagate throughout the food web. In the short-term, lizards shift from eating local prey (including terrestrial herbivores) to eating mostly marine detritivores, leading to increased herbivory and weakening the trophic ca作者: 浪費(fèi)物質(zhì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 02:03
defences as compared to closely related mainland species. We argue that biogeographical and climatic factors should also be considered to achieve a more complete understanding of insularity effects on the evolution of defence-related traits in plants.作者: beta-carotene 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:38 作者: 健談 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 07:21
Book 2008ropensities, education, research policy, and knowledge. Building and analyzing various tractable and flexible models within a compact whole, the book helps the reader to visualize economic life as an endless succession of physical ca- tal accumulation, human capital accumulation, innovation wrought 作者: SOBER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:19
International Trade and Trade Theory,erns, and interactions of trade and economic growth. For instance, one may ask what are the long-term implications of sustained United States current account deficits and Japanese current account surpluses. Do the both economies lose or benefit from the unbalanced trade? If not, who benefits, and wh作者: excrete 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:31 作者: FRAUD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:41
Trade with Imperfect Competition,l firm’s average cost at the prevailing output level. This situation will attract new entrants into the industry. As firms enter the monopolistically competitive market, a typical firm’s demand curve shifts. At a long-run equilibrium, a typical firm sets the profitmaximizing price equal to the avera作者: Offbeat 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 01:59
Trade with Factor Mobility,e are concerned with capital and labor mobility. We will show that international capital or/and labor movement may invalidate some of the four core theorems developed in Chap. 2. Section 4.1 studies the validity of the four fundamental trade theorems, the factor equalization theorem, the Rybczynski 作者: 協(xié)迫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:21
Money, Exchange Rate, and Trade,ld, and lend them abroad. Section 5.2 is concerned with the IS-LM model for an open economy. The model is also a standard tool for analyzing balance-of-payments (BOP) behavior when exchange rate is fixed. Section 5.3 introduces a classical model of monetary open economy with the gold standard. This 作者: 暫時(shí)別動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:47 作者: 讓你明白 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:19 作者: 樂(lè)器演奏者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:44
Growth, Trade Patten and Structure,e-sector trade model is not sufficient to study dynamic processes of division of labor and interdependence between division of labor, knowledge and efficiency. It is necessary to extend the one-sector economy into multiple ones. It may be argued that the main task of economics is to explain how econ作者: 怕失去錢 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:37
Growth and Trade with Capital and Knowledge,2 examines the case when all the countries have the same preference. We show that the motion of the global economy can be expressed by a two-dimensional differential equations system and we can explicitly determine the dynamic properties of the global economy. Section 9.2.3 shows that the dynamics o作者: 胰臟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:22 作者: SAGE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 08:20 作者: myelography 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:51
Trade Patterns and Dynamics,rned with growth, trade and innovation. In this approach, it is not easy to take account of both capital accumulation and innovation within a single framework. In almost all the models of this approach, capital accumulation has been neglected..The book is focused on the basic economic mechanisms of 作者: Picks-Disease 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:42
Book 2008n split between partial and conflicting representations of international e- nomic interactions. Diverse trade models have co-existed but not in a structured relationship with each other. Economic students are introduced to international economic interactions with severally incompatible theories in t作者: stressors 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:42 作者: condemn 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:08
International Trade and Trade Theory,d factor flows growing much more rapidly than output.1 One can hardly find a family that does not hold something produced by foreign countries even in a developing economy like mainland China. All the people around the world are enjoying global services such as international sport games and global s作者: 悅耳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 02:18
Classical International Trade Theories,’s trade theory with absolute advantage. Although Smith’s ideas about absolute advantage were crucial for the early development of classical thought for international trade, he failed to create a convincing economic theory of international trade. Section 2.2 examines the theories of comparative adva作者: 前面 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:16
Trade with Imperfect Competition,tive feature allows us to avoid complexity of strategic interactions among firms (like in oligopoly models). The modeling framework with monopolistic competition makes it possible to endogenize entry-exit processes and the range of products supplied in the market through these processes. In determin作者: dry-eye 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:17 作者: 顧客 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:01 作者: 恭維 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:33
Growth of Small Open-Economies with Capital Accumulation,om traditional approaches in modeling dynamics of international trade is how to model households’ decision making. Section 6.1 introduces the one-sector growth (OSG) model of an isolated economy. In the rest of this book, we use the OSG framework to stand for the one sector growth model developed in作者: 注意到 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:37
One-Sector Global Growth Models with Capital Accumulation,ction sectors in our model are similar to the neoclassical onesector growth model. It is assumed that there is only one (durable) good in the global economy under consideration. Households own assets of the economy and distribute their incomes to consume and save. Our model, as far as trade and glob作者: BAN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:18
Growth, Trade Patten and Structure,yze behavior of the static H-O model even with Cobb-Douglas production and utility functions. The current state of the literature is described by Doi et al. (2007: 390-1) as follows: “Innumberable articles and volumes have been published to extend the O-H model to various directions in such a way th作者: Esophagus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 08:14 作者: GRE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:17 作者: 憎惡 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 16:02 作者: Juvenile 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:21
Trade Patterns and Dynamics,ive trade theory. Then, we study static monopolistic trade theory. Both competitive and monopolistic competitive trade theories can be classified further by global factor mobility and immobility. After examining the basic ideas of static trade theories, we extend the static vision to the dynamic one作者: 消音器 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 00:57
look for a response to acidic deposition and ozone. Two major foliar responses are cell and tissue injury and increased leaching of foliar constituents. Pollutants initially affect physiological processes and cell ultrastructure. There are no outward signs of stress, although the tree may be weaken作者: Metamorphosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:10 作者: 擺動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 10:00
look for a response to acidic deposition and ozone. Two major foliar responses are cell and tissue injury and increased leaching of foliar constituents. Pollutants initially affect physiological processes and cell ultrastructure. There are no outward signs of stress, although the tree may be weaken作者: Ibd810 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:31
e northern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods i作者: 老人病學(xué) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:33
indeed, tropical rainforests contain an estimated 50% of all species diversity on Earth. The words “astounding” and “overwhelming” are barely adequate to describe the complexity of tropical life forms encompassing more species of orchids, beetles, birds, bats, butterflies, and other members of the 作者: collateral 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:06
