標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise; Dynamics of Scientif Mansoor Niaz Book 20091st edition Springer Science+Busin [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: FAD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 19:24
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作者: Self-Help-Group 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:28
Understanding Scientific Progress: From Duhem to Lakatos,g to Urbach (1989): “Lakatos‘s methodology of science developed out of Kuhn‘s theory of paradigm, and this in turn was proposed largely in reaction to Popper‘s philosophy of science” (p. 399). Lakatos in his Ph.D. thesis recognizes his debt to three intellectual sources: Pólya‘s mathematical heurist作者: 鋼筆記下懲罰 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 02:37
,Kinetic Theory: Maxwell’s Presuppositions,hinstein, 1987, 1991; Brush, 1976; Clark, 1976; De Regt, 1996; Dorling, 1970; Elkana, 1974; Gavroglu, 1990; Kuhn, 1970a; Lakatos, 1970; Mendoza, 1975; Nyhof, 1988). The starting point of Maxwell‘s work on the kinetic theory of gases was his reading of the paper by Clausius (1857) entitled: “On the n作者: 的’ 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:51 作者: Blatant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 11:46 作者: 終端 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:02 作者: 終端 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 17:42
Paradox of the Photoelectric Effect: Einstein and Millikan,he subject of considerable research by historians (Brush, 2007; Klein, 1963; Kragh, 1999; Stuewer, 1970, 1975; Wheaton, 1978, 1983). Einstein proposed that ordinary light behaves as though it consists of a stream of independent localized units of energy that he called .. He was led to this revolutio作者: ANTIC 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:38
Bending of Light in the 1919 Eclipse Experiments: Einstein and Eddington,nstein‘s General Theory of Relativity. One of the parties (A.S. Eddington and E. Cottingham) was to observe the eclipse in Principe, an island off the coast of Africa, and the other (A. Crommelin and C. Davidson) in Sobral, Brazil. Complete report of the expeditions was published by Dyson et al. (19作者: Stagger 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 01:21 作者: CHIP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:18 作者: 反感 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:45 作者: 割讓 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 17:27
Conclusion: Inductive Method as a Chimera,such understanding of progress in science as a ?folkloric consensus.” Some of the well-known examples of such a consensus are Einstein‘s special theory of relativity to have supposedly used the negative results of the Michelson—Morley experiment, falling apple in Newton‘s garden, and two weights dro作者: Maximize 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 20:39 作者: headway 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:21 作者: Rinne-Test 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:03
Quantitative Imperative Versus the Imperative of Presuppositions,The quantitative imperative is the view that studying something scientifically means measuring it. W. Thomson (Baron Kelvin of Largs), a leading nineteenth-century British physicist, expressed this in succinct terms: 作者: 顯示 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:22 作者: 無(wú)思維能力 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:01 作者: Granular 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:24 作者: CHAR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:36
Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Educationhttp://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/239892.jpg作者: 馬籠頭 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:33 作者: Ibd810 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:45 作者: Antagonist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 11:07
Onkogene und Wachstumskontrolle,hinstein, 1987, 1991; Brush, 1976; Clark, 1976; De Regt, 1996; Dorling, 1970; Elkana, 1974; Gavroglu, 1990; Kuhn, 1970a; Lakatos, 1970; Mendoza, 1975; Nyhof, 1988). The starting point of Maxwell‘s work on the kinetic theory of gases was his reading of the paper by Clausius (1857) entitled: “On the n作者: 鋼盔 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 15:29 作者: 同來(lái)核對(duì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:53
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02553-6ciples of our knowledge. In other words: “A fresh line of scientific research has its origins not in objective facts alone, but in a conception, a deliberate construction of the mind … this conception [heuristic principle] … tells us what facts to look for in the research. It tells us what meaning t作者: Cumulus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:14 作者: 清真寺 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:12
Onkogene und Wachstumskontrolle,he subject of considerable research by historians (Brush, 2007; Klein, 1963; Kragh, 1999; Stuewer, 1970, 1975; Wheaton, 1978, 1983). Einstein proposed that ordinary light behaves as though it consists of a stream of independent localized units of energy that he called .. He was led to this revolutio作者: Irascible 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:14
G. Schuler,G. Schlierf,J. Mautner,W. Küblernstein‘s General Theory of Relativity. One of the parties (A.S. Eddington and E. Cottingham) was to observe the eclipse in Principe, an island off the coast of Africa, and the other (A. Crommelin and C. Davidson) in Sobral, Brazil. Complete report of the expeditions was published by Dyson et al. (19作者: 遭受 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:37 作者: 凹處 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:50
,Nonlinear Waves on Water — Solitons,evelopment of the photoelectric effect and quantum theory. De Broglie (1924) in a seminal paper explored the reconciliation of lightquanta (used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect) with “the strong experimental evidence on which was based the wave theory” (p. 446). J.J. Thomson (1925), 作者: 津貼 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:39 作者: parasite 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:48 作者: VEN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:52 作者: RLS898 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 07:32 作者: 群島 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:31 作者: 尖酸一點(diǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:24 作者: frozen-shoulder 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:01 作者: 滲透 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:09 作者: HARP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:11 作者: 吹牛大王 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 08:22
Foundations of Modern Atomic Theory: Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr,s” let us consider J.J. Thomson‘s experimental work with cathode rays. Although the experimental details are important we cannot ignore the rationale behind Thomson‘s determination of the charge to mass ratio of cathode rays. This rationale, which helped Thomson to identify cathode rays as ions or u作者: Dorsal-Kyphosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:29
Determination of the Elementary Electrical Charge: Millikan and Ehrenhaft,ithout much critical scrutiny. In a poll conducted for ., its readers considered the oil drop experiment to be one of the ten ‘most beautiful’ ones of all time (Crease, 2002). Furthermore, according to Crease many respondents considered that the experiment was conceived, carried out, and understood 作者: 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 16:30
Paradox of the Photoelectric Effect: Einstein and Millikan,ght of frequency . can therefore grant electrons only energy, ., where . is Planck‘s constant. If some small part . of that energy must be used to release the electron from the metal itself, all electrons of charge . so released will be stopped by a decelerating potential ., following the relation:.作者: 危險(xiǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:36 作者: STALE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:05 作者: maculated 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 05:03 作者: 轎車(chē) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:37
,Searching for Quarks: Perl’s Philosophy of Speculative Experiments,e objective of this chapter is to present Martin Perl‘s (Nobel Laureate in physics, 1995) strategy of speculative experiments in his search for quarks and its implications for understanding the Millikan—Ehrenhaft controversy (oil drop experiment, see Chapter 7) and cutting-edge experiments. This rec作者: 語(yǔ)言學(xué) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:13 作者: Osmosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:06 作者: 高興去去 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:48 作者: TAP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 02:34 作者: BALE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:26
Onkogene und Wachstumskontrolle,theless, it is important to note that “statistical” for Maxwell in 1860 had the connotation of an emergence of regularity out of the apparently chaotic behavior of large numbers of molecules, which had little to do with its later recognition that the macroscopic gas laws are only probabilistic (cf. 作者: 邪惡的你 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 12:01 作者: 核心 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 12:27 作者: 有效 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 17:51 作者: 小說(shuō) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 22:35
