作者: 松雞 時間: 2025-3-21 21:58 作者: aplomb 時間: 2025-3-22 00:23 作者: 責(zé)怪 時間: 2025-3-22 08:36
Fragile Financial Marketsts of economic and monetary shocks related to exchange rate changes in the presence of net balance sheet effects (cf. Levy-Yeyati, 2006; Aghion et al., 2009). The literature unambiguously highlights the importance of well-developed financial markets, in particular the development of local currency-d作者: 詞匯記憶方法 時間: 2025-3-22 10:57
A Modern Exchange Rate Theory Perspectivell (1961). Numerous contributions have been made to OCA theory. These studies largely concentrate on empirically exploring how appropriate various regions in the world are in their ability to fit the conditions for successful regional monetary integration that have been set up by the first generatio作者: ciliary-body 時間: 2025-3-22 14:42
A Strategy to Achieve Macroeconomic Stability?gional monetary cooperation needs to be addressed. Therefore, the research perspective needs to be changed by analyzing regional monetary cooperation as a possible policy strategy to mitigate policy constraints and enhance macroeconomic stability in southern economies with fragile financial markets,作者: 滔滔不絕的人 時間: 2025-3-22 17:16 作者: 擺動 時間: 2025-3-22 21:52
Reconsidering Economic Coststion, and financial market development, including in asymmetric SSC around an anchor currency. This chapter outlines potential economic costs involved in regional monetary cooperation and summarizes supporting conditions for realizing macroeconomic stabilization gains in SSC. Within the scope of thi作者: Gene408 時間: 2025-3-23 04:51
Case Selection and Dataitions that contribute to or hinder exchange rate stabilization and financial market development. In particular, the case studies address the question of how region-specific constellations of country characteristics, heterogeneity of member countries, and regional conditions affect the exchange rate作者: 不確定 時間: 2025-3-23 06:26
Common Monetary Area (CMA)k (SARB) was established in 1921, the British pound and, with its introduction in 1961, the South African rand became the regional medium of exchange and legal tender in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland. “There were no internal restrictions on movements of funds within the are作者: Ondines-curse 時間: 2025-3-23 11:50 作者: Intervention 時間: 2025-3-23 16:58 作者: flaggy 時間: 2025-3-23 20:48
Conclusions and Policy Recommendationseloping countries and emerging markets. The findings of this book underline that the idea of regional monetary cooperation has not come to an end in the face of the on-going eurozone crisis. Rather, international financial turmoil, as well as the eurozone crisis, justifies scholarly and political ex作者: Fsh238 時間: 2025-3-24 01:10
Monetary Policy Choices of Southern Economiesle trinity of monetary policy choices (Ghosh and Ostry, 2009). Drawing on the assumption of perfect markets, it was assumed that free capital flows, just like free trade, would render the highest aggregate welfare gains. Free capital flows would allow investment to be allocated according to the comp作者: 刺耳的聲音 時間: 2025-3-24 05:11
Asymmetric Regional Monetary Cooperationefficient candidate for pursuing regional monetary cooperation. However, in reality, a number of such regional monetary cooperation arrangements exist. For example, the CMA region in Southern Africa is a prime example of a highly asymmetric regional monetary cooperation arrangement (see Chapters 6 a作者: FLIRT 時間: 2025-3-24 07:05
Case Selection and Dataer 4). The case studies specifically aim at identifying regional circumstances that hinder or support exchange rate stabilization and financial market development in regional monetary cooperation compared with non-cooperation.作者: 感情脆弱 時間: 2025-3-24 11:02
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43073-3le trinity of monetary policy choices (Ghosh and Ostry, 2009). Drawing on the assumption of perfect markets, it was assumed that free capital flows, just like free trade, would render the highest aggregate welfare gains. Free capital flows would allow investment to be allocated according to the comp作者: Hypopnea 時間: 2025-3-24 17:13
Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Modelsefficient candidate for pursuing regional monetary cooperation. However, in reality, a number of such regional monetary cooperation arrangements exist. For example, the CMA region in Southern Africa is a prime example of a highly asymmetric regional monetary cooperation arrangement (see Chapters 6 a作者: 四目在模仿 時間: 2025-3-24 20:37
Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Modelser 4). The case studies specifically aim at identifying regional circumstances that hinder or support exchange rate stabilization and financial market development in regional monetary cooperation compared with non-cooperation.作者: 多產(chǎn)子 時間: 2025-3-25 02:59 作者: Abbreviate 時間: 2025-3-25 06:46 作者: octogenarian 時間: 2025-3-25 07:37
Global Instability and “Monetary Regionalism”mong other effects, the government of the USA decided to abandon gold convertibility. Even a broadening of the exchange rate bands could not rescue the system. By 1973, the remaining European economies had also suspended the US dollar peg.作者: 機制 時間: 2025-3-25 12:14
A Modern Exchange Rate Theory Perspectivef OCA theory is that integrating countries need to show symmetric reactions to external shocks and a high level of economic convergence in order to benefit from creating a common currency area. In line with this argument, first-generation authors identified three main optimality conditions for regional monetary integration..作者: achlorhydria 時間: 2025-3-25 18:57
2662-6675 ts. Interdisciplinary case studies on Southern Africa, Southeast Asia and South America provide a cross-regional perspective on the viability of such strategy.978-1-349-49107-0978-1-137-42721-2Series ISSN 2662-6675 Series E-ISSN 2662-6683 作者: 阻擋 時間: 2025-3-25 23:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12964-5s as the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. Broadly speaking, one may ask whether developing countries. and emerging markets should refrain from monetary integration initiatives, in particular since their financial market and macroeconomic conditions are comparatively fragile.作者: 斷言 時間: 2025-3-26 01:08
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43073-3, 2009). The literature unambiguously highlights the importance of well-developed financial markets, in particular the development of local currency-denominated financial instruments, as highly relevant to mitigate the aforementioned adverse effects on net wealth and monetary policy constraints.作者: MEN 時間: 2025-3-26 04:43 作者: single 時間: 2025-3-26 09:33 作者: 使乳化 時間: 2025-3-26 16:01 作者: 蓋他為秘密 時間: 2025-3-26 18:12
Basic Structures of Contracting Problems and Indonesia — in 1963 (cf. Sandhu et al., 2003: 29 ff.). However, both arrangements were short-lived, largely due to border conflicts and political disputes. Nevertheless, the Association of Southeast Asia’s organizational structures are still represented in ASEAN.作者: 歪曲道理 時間: 2025-3-27 00:31 作者: 天然熱噴泉 時間: 2025-3-27 01:31 作者: 騙子 時間: 2025-3-27 07:46
Fragile Financial Markets, 2009). The literature unambiguously highlights the importance of well-developed financial markets, in particular the development of local currency-denominated financial instruments, as highly relevant to mitigate the aforementioned adverse effects on net wealth and monetary policy constraints.作者: Matrimony 時間: 2025-3-27 10:32 作者: Affirm 時間: 2025-3-27 14:13
Reconsidering Economic Costs in regional monetary cooperation and summarizes supporting conditions for realizing macroeconomic stabilization gains in SSC. Within the scope of this book, this chapter merely seeks to shed some light on major cost considerations that come into play when analyzing SSC rather than fully exploring economic costs involved in SSC.作者: 最高點 時間: 2025-3-27 20:58 作者: moratorium 時間: 2025-3-28 01:50
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN/ASEAN+3) and Indonesia — in 1963 (cf. Sandhu et al., 2003: 29 ff.). However, both arrangements were short-lived, largely due to border conflicts and political disputes. Nevertheless, the Association of Southeast Asia’s organizational structures are still represented in ASEAN.作者: 不透氣 時間: 2025-3-28 02:19
Conclusions and Policy Recommendationshe face of the on-going eurozone crisis. Rather, international financial turmoil, as well as the eurozone crisis, justifies scholarly and political examination of the potential benefits and also of the costs related to different forms of regional monetary cooperation in the developing world.作者: gregarious 時間: 2025-3-28 08:52 作者: 通便 時間: 2025-3-28 12:56
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5487-2. However, Latin America’s discursive historical legacy of regional cooperation did not stimulate materialization of regional cooperation. Rather — and in particular in the MERCOSUR region — efforts towards closer economic cooperation have been characterized by stagnation and frequent setbacks (Emmes and Mols, 1993: 47).作者: 埋伏 時間: 2025-3-28 15:06
Book 2014This book examines regional monetary cooperation as a strategy to enhance macroeconomic stability in developing countries and emerging markets. Interdisciplinary case studies on Southern Africa, Southeast Asia and South America provide a cross-regional perspective on the viability of such strategy.作者: Gullible 時間: 2025-3-28 21:42
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137427212Regional monetary cooperation; regional monetary integration; financial crisis; monetary policy; exchang作者: foppish 時間: 2025-3-29 00:22 作者: Halfhearted 時間: 2025-3-29 05:02
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12964-5 precisely the reason to enhance regional monetary integration in order to shield against volatility in international financial markets and such crises as the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. Broadly speaking, one may ask whether developing countries. and emerging markets should refrain from mo作者: 躺下殘殺 時間: 2025-3-29 07:38
Shayne C. Gad,Charles B. Spainhour944 after the Second World War as an international system of fixed yet adjustable exchange rates, including the foundation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as its supervisory body.. At the core of the Bretton Woods system stood the US dollar, with the Federal Reserve Bank of the United State作者: SNEER 時間: 2025-3-29 11:50 作者: 肉體 時間: 2025-3-29 16:38
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43073-3ts of economic and monetary shocks related to exchange rate changes in the presence of net balance sheet effects (cf. Levy-Yeyati, 2006; Aghion et al., 2009). The literature unambiguously highlights the importance of well-developed financial markets, in particular the development of local currency-d作者: Circumscribe 時間: 2025-3-29 22:38
Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Modelsll (1961). Numerous contributions have been made to OCA theory. These studies largely concentrate on empirically exploring how appropriate various regions in the world are in their ability to fit the conditions for successful regional monetary integration that have been set up by the first generatio作者: 庇護 時間: 2025-3-30 03:07 作者: 輕浮女 時間: 2025-3-30 07:10
Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Modelso external shocks.. The OCA literature suggests that asymmetric regional monetary integration is a costly undertaking, because regional monetary policy goes along with policy compromises that are likely to be less suitable, with fewer region-wide synchronized business cycles (cf. Mundell, 1961). In 作者: 痛恨 時間: 2025-3-30 11:05
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14200-0tion, and financial market development, including in asymmetric SSC around an anchor currency. This chapter outlines potential economic costs involved in regional monetary cooperation and summarizes supporting conditions for realizing macroeconomic stabilization gains in SSC. Within the scope of thi作者: cauda-equina 時間: 2025-3-30 16:05
Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Modelsitions that contribute to or hinder exchange rate stabilization and financial market development. In particular, the case studies address the question of how region-specific constellations of country characteristics, heterogeneity of member countries, and regional conditions affect the exchange rate作者: 痛恨 時間: 2025-3-30 18:52
The General Risk Sharing Problemk (SARB) was established in 1921, the British pound and, with its introduction in 1961, the South African rand became the regional medium of exchange and legal tender in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland. “There were no internal restrictions on movements of funds within the are
